Strategic Integrated Marketing Communications †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Talk about the Strategic Integrated Marketing Communications. Answer: Presentation In the current situation, productive administration of procedures and plans has gotten indispensable for the accomplishment of businesses(Aghazadeh, 2015). Key administration can be characterized as the way toward arranging, usage, observing, assessment of different approaches and plans to achieve the objectives and targets of an association. Further, key administration is considered as a ceaseless procedure and organizations are required to do changes in procedure and methodologies at normal stretches. The current report depends on Edwards and Co. which is one of the most well known salon situated in Melbourne. The organization offers different sorts of boutique related administrations to every one of its clients and customers. This investigation investigates point by point inside and outer ecological examination of Edwards and Co. Aside from this; the contender investigation of chose business undertaking is likewise referenced in the current examination. Edwards and Co. is extremely famous in Australia, and the business has its quality in various areas of the nation. Further, the organization was established 11 years back by Jaye Edwards who was a consultant hairstylist(Co, 2017). Edwards was having no cash when he moved to Sydney, and he was anticipating building up an advanced and palatable beauty parlor in the nation. The strategic Edwards and Co. is To be genuinely imaginative hair organization by offering customized types of assistance to clients and customized training to other beauty parlors. The corporate destinations of Edwards and Co. are referenced underneath as: 1) To give best salon administrations in Australia through a system of independent beauticians and colorists. 2) To give salon training to other beauty parlors in Australia as far as procedure, business and individuals. 3) To grow tasks in other delightful areas of Australia With respect to character, it tends to be communicated that Edwards and Co. are by and by working in the five distinct areas inside the nation and all these salon shops work under a solitary brand name. The chose business endeavor has built up a proficient system of qualified and gifted consultant beauticians. Aside from this, Edwards and Co. brand mantra is to create and work as hair organization which is totally inventive and imaginative. The key item and administration offered by Edwards and Co. incorporate beauty parlor administrations, for example, hair styling, weeding, cosmetics, and so on. Likewise, it additionally offers instructive types of assistance to different salons situated in the country(Armstrong, Kotler, Harker, Brennan, 2015). Here, the brand underscores on giving consultancy and information to different business in regards to how to accomplish operational effectiveness and run a fruitful salon. Edwards and Co. helps different organizations in ability advancement of different salons working inside Australia. To support in the exceptionally serious commercial center, Edwards and Co. does changes in its items and administrations at standard spans as indicated by the changing need and request of clients. The extent of the promoting plan is that it will assist the organization with carrying out investigation of its inward and outside environment(Baker, Marketing procedure and the executives, 2014). The arrangement is additionally going to help in creating possible business and showcasing systems which will bring about pulling in an ever increasing number of clients. The advertising plan is going to help with making request among individuals in the market and will likewise help in getting an upper hand. The inward assets of the chose business endeavor can be named as profoundly proficient and proficient. For instance, the HR incorporate specialist beautician who renders different sorts of administrations to the individuals in the market. It tends to be communicated that preparation and advancement programs at normal stretches are completed by Edwards and Co. to improve range of abilities and information base of the freelancers(Baker Saren, Marketing hypothesis: an understudy text., 2016). The organization likewise has satisfactory money accessible for different exercises, for example, development, business tasks, and forceful promoting. Edwards and Co. the board and operational abilities are additionally compelling as the organization can gain further extent of consumer loyalty by conveying quick, acceptable and exact administrations to all customers. The key quality of inner assets exists in their administration abilities which are very fit. On the opposite side of this, the shortcoming of interior assets is that the organization is accessible with a set number of human and money related assets. This hole goes about as an obstacle with respect to accomplishing higher development rate. Items and administrations Services connected with Haircut, Styling, Hair Color, featuring, dye, keratin, make-up, styling, Services-Education for other boutiques, leasing of salon space are being offered by Edwards and Co. The center quality of these administrations is that they are exceptionally imaginative and innovative(Chernev, 2014). Then again, shortcoming can be named as absence of lasting laborers as the staff individuals are taking a shot at the consultant premise. It limits the organization to achieve its drawn out destinations of getting high piece of the pie and development. Value The estimating procedure which has been received by Edwards and Co. can be named as significant expense procedure. For instance the business charges - $100-$250, Hair shading Re development $110-$150Short-$130-$180. The quality of this estimating technique is that it has helped the business to acquire palatable benefits. On the contrary(Frow, Nenonen, Payne, Storbacka, 2015), significant expense methodology brings about limiting individuals in center and low-pay gathering to utilize Edwards and Co. administrations, and this can be named as the significant shortcoming of the chose procedure. Spot The Company is offering administrations to clients through stores situated in five unique regions of Australia. The stores are situated in Melbourne, Alexandria, Budds Beach, Byron Bay and Surry slopes. Advancement It can be expressed that advancement of items and administrations offered by Edwards and Co. isn't so much helpful. The organization is utilizing some in-house special procedures, and this has bolstered in dealing with the expense of operations(David David, 2017). Notwithstanding, it very well may be contended that advancement methods utilized by Edwards and Co. is inadequate and this is a significant shortcoming which should be survived. The business can stress on utilizing present day promoting devices, for example, internet based life and messages to make mindfulness among individuals in the market. Aside from this, procedures, for example, offering limits and devotion cards can likewise be mulled over to draw in more clients and improve the volume of profitability(Galliers Leidner, 2014). Outer natural investigation This device speaks to the scope of components that impacts business tasks and it is required for the business to agree to such factors in order to work proficiently in the market. A few variables are available that influences tasks of Edwards and Co and they are talked about underneath: Political factor: It is one of the most noteworthy variables which include the administration laws and guidelines that impact business operations(Greene Walls, 2015). The changing government laws and guidelines for organizations can legitimately impact the exercises of Edward Co. Further, the new plan has been presented related with advances for little scope organizations and this is successful enough in meeting with the budgetary prerequisite of the organizations. With the assistance of youth focus new guidance programs have been created for excellence social field(Hollensen, 2015). Aside from this, the ideological groups have forced high expenses for organizations that have unfavorably influenced the salon organizations working in the market. Immense assessments are material on the marked corrective items that impacts the general tasks completed by the business. Monetary factor: At present the financial state of Australia is sound and this has emphatically influenced the buying intensity of individuals in the general public. Individuals want to spend more on beautifying agents and other type of items that are offered in the salon(Kitchen Burgmann, 2015). In this way, it is valuable for the Edward Co to expand cost of its items where client can without much of a stretch manage the cost of the items and thus net revenue of the business can be effectively upgraded with the assistance of this. Social factor: This factor is related with change in visit taste and necessity of the objective market. New sorts of haircuts are available in the market because of which Edward Co needs to change its item extend in order to meet with the desire for the objective market. Subsequently, it is fundamental for Edward Co to meet the social necessity of the clients with the thought process to upgrade by and large execution in the market and this thus can go about as advancement apparatus for the enterprise(Liebl, 2015). Innovative: For hair dressing and performing other sort of salon exercises present day instruments are required to be embraced with the assistance of which viable administrations can be conveyed to the objective market. At present current devices are utilized by the business for rendering salon administration and appropriation of further developed apparatuses can without a doubt be advantageous for the business and it can permit in fulfilling need of target showcase in productive manner(Kumar, Sharma, Gupta, 2017). Lawful: Various lawful laws are available that can impact the business activities of Edward and Co in each conceivable way. Further, cleanness and security measures are required to be taken where the organization needs to guarantee that its inside working environment is spotless and it very well may be used for conveying legitimate support of the clients (Percy, 2014). Aside from this, security measures are required to be taken through which mishaps can be maintained a strategic distance from at the hour of conveying salon administrations. Appropriate removal of the synthetic waste is required and legitimate permit must be taken from the perceived auth

Youth Who Turn to Illicit Drugs Essay Example For Students

RMIT International University Vietnam Essays - Linguistics, Culture

RMIT International University Vietnam Ace of Business Administration Task Cover Page Subject Code BUSM4450 Subject Name: Business Research Design Area Campus (SGS or HN) where you study: RMIT Hanoi Campus Title of Assignment: (As an inquiry) Evaluation 3 - Reflection Journal File(s) Submitted: Evaluation 3 - Reflection Journal Understudy name: Le Thanh Thuy Understudy Number: S3360505 Speaker and Group number: Dr Matthew McDonald Task due date : 10/9/2017 Date of Submission: 10/9/2017 Number of pages including this one: Word Count: (Principle Content - barring informative supplements reference records) List of chapters TOC o 1-3 h z u 1.Introduction PAGEREF _Toc492507382 h 3 2.Reflective Journal PAGEREF _Toc492507383 h 3 2.1.Initial Problem Identification : PAGEREF _Toc492507384 h 3 2.2.The Concepts and Theory of Research Design Application PAGEREF _Toc492507385 h 4 2.3.Forward Movement PAGEREF _Toc492507386 h 4 2.4.Project Team Performance PAGEREF _Toc492507387 h 5 2.5.Positive and Negative Experiences PAGEREF _Toc492507388 h 6 2.6.Future Career Application PAGEREF _Toc492507389 h 6 3.Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc492507390 h 7 Reference Lists : PAGEREF _Toc492507391 h 8 Presentation Subsequent to finishing two appraisals for the Business Research Design course, the organizer gave us the equation how to compose a Reflective Journal in evaluation 3. The intelligent composing expect us to acquire the more profound considering individual encounters and shouldn't something be said about the perception during the procedure so as to make the examination proposition. Our examination question is : For what reason do Vietnamese laborers incline toward working for a remote organization to a nearby one?. In the diary, I will report what I have gained from nine meetings of the course and the procedure that my group venture have experienced, what we progressed nicely and didn't progress nicely. Next to this, I will talk about progressively about the information what I have picked up and assess my presentation in both myself and colleagues, explain more clear about my considerations and detect the examples and connections of the course, along these lines, I would have the opti on to refine why things happen the manner in which my undertaking group did and how much effective we accomplished in the wake of finishing the exploration proposition. Besides, the intelligent diary will likewise recognize the positive experience when working in a group and assess the viability of the course which can help for my deep rooted learning, particularly for the business inquire about vocation. Intelligent Journal Train J Athl ( 2006 ) distinguishes the advantages of composing an intelligent diary are reinforcing individual reflection, causing the basic idea to get simpler and improving the inclination articulation. Furthermore, Walraven V C (2017) underscores that the intelligent diary is a useful learning assessment for some wide scope of subjects and this composing isn't a lot of necessities for understudies and needn't bother with e exertion for facilitator for any makes a difference. In a split second, intelligent diary grants understudies to consider their understanding they have learnt in class by composing on the reflection, understudies can show their insight and individual encounters after every exercise dependent on intelligent diary and propose their new arrangement for the following talk. A diary composing teach understudies to make new points of view and permit them to take their breath away, conceptualize numerous sorts of new thoughts, fortify the ability and advance their basic thinkings. Accordingly, for every diary composing routinely after class, understudies would improve positively as far as their composing aptitudes, sentences consistency and their innovativeness and creative speculation too. In the following segments, my intelligent diary will underscore our Sky Team s execution and exhibit the nature of research proposition all through four days of serious class. Additionally, I will represent my basic reasoning and individual encounters I have picked up when I participating in my task group during going to the Business Research Design course. Furthermore, in view of the way toward composing an intelligent diary in the online RMIT Learning Lab, I will talk about three key focuses that how to compose a powerful diary composing are portraying the inspiration and pessimism what things occurred, look at and survey the learning experience all through concentrated course and further close to home information what I have gained from this encounters. Introductory Problem Identification : The issue our Skyteam center around is about the high turnover pace of Vietnamese organizations contrast with remote ones. Vietnam presently is a creating nation which high potential for remote ventures, be that as it may, there is a lot of Vietnamese youthful gifts tend to

Effect of Institutional racism on Essay Example

Impact of Institutional prejudice on Essay Example Impact of Institutional prejudice on Essay Impact of Institutional prejudice on Essay Prejudice is the preference or contrary mentality of individuals against others carefully in view of their race. Institutional prejudice is a signifier of bigotry organized into political and cultural foundations. The foundations incorporate schools and montages. while political incorporate specialists and different specialists Parastatals or enterprise. The impact of this kind of cultural isolation is ever negative. It a few times prompts wars. contempt and at times low self image respect by the point in this example. Racial partiality expressed some time in the past and its outcome has ever been negative. In page 3 of The Guardian that is dated fifth September 2008. The header of the paper is: Black Caribbean kids kept down by institutional prejudice in schools. says study composed by Editor Polly Curtis. The portion of the account in this case is to forefront the widespread racial preference of Caribbean kids in English schools. This has for the most part sabotaged their scholastic and cultural life. more distant research specialist had revealed grounds that teachers routinely under-gauge the capacities of some dark understudies. recommending that premises about conduct occupations have eclipsed their scholastic gifts. The discoveries on an examination which followed 15. 000 understudies through their guidance other than add weight to the hypothesis that low achievement among some dark students is exacerbated on the grounds that educators don’t envision them to win. This relates great to the subject of Institutional bigotry on the grounds that in this example prejudice is in a school puting where all understudies should be dealt with sensibly regardless of their race. Be that as it may, in this example dark Caribbean’s are segregated upon and this has later come about to their hapless open introduction in school. The criticalness of this story in the Guardian is to set in noticeable radiation what is go oning among the students in this unconventional school refering the prejudice issue. This is expounded by the insights that show how prejudice has influenced the dark Caribbean in this exceptional school. For example, a third of competent dark Caribbean understudies are non entered to take the hardest records in preliminaries at 14. Subsequently the issue being tended to by this measurements is institutional bigotry in English schools. This account influences me in various manners. its tragic to see that at this age individuals are as yet being decided by the shade of their covering rather than by their character and capacities. It disappoints me to block others from achieving their full intensity in view of prejudice. In my place of position. its basic to see that none of us chose their race and that all universes are made equivalent and their change in melanin substance should neer be a judgment factor however rather a political direction of the days of old. It’s basic for individuals to cognize that our capacities. gifts are free of our covering shading. This account non only influences me yet it other than influences the general public included on the grounds that they free potential individuals in from upgrading their conceivable in view of their shameful preference of their shading. This story urges me to make something other than what's expected by suggesting against racial preference non simply in schools yet rather in the full society. I will help through this by giving representations of how individuals of various races have won the Nobel harmony money related worth. White people. Blacks. Asians have won the money related worth. This fervently expresses the shade of our covering has nil to make with our capacity. Beginnings Polly Curtis. Dark Caribbean kids kept down by institutional prejudice in schools. says examine The gatekeeper paper on the web fifth September 2008 lt ; hypertext move convention:/www. protector. co. Joined Kingdom gt ;

Dissolving Aluminium Chloride in Water

Dissolving Aluminum Chloride in Water A controlled variable is a variable that stays the equivalent all through an investigation, for example, including a particular measure of water to test tubes loaded up with various measures of ammonium chloride. An autonomous variable is the variable that is changed during a trial, for example various measures of ammonium chloride added to isolate test tubes in a test. A dependant variable is a variable that changes on account of the free factor, for example the distinction of temperatures when the principal gems start shaping in the different test tubes loaded up with various measures of ammonium chloride. In this trial the controlled variable will be 10mL of water that is added to each test tube loaded up with ammonium chloride. The autonomous variable will be the various measures of ammonium chloride put into each test tube. The dependant variable will be the temperature of the main precious stones showing up in the test tubes loaded up with various measures of ammonium chloride that are broken up in water. Ammonium Chloride Ammonium chloride is a substance which has the atomic equation NH‚„Cl and is profoundly dissolvable in water. It was first fabricated during the thirteenth century in Egypt and Europe and was initially known as sal ammoniac. It is utilized for an assortment of purposes. In medication it is utilized as an expectorant, which clears the mucus from the bronchi, lungs and trachea region. It is likewise utilized as a part in dry cell batteries, a fixing in hack medication and as a dietary enhancement to keep up pH levels. (See http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ammonium-chloride.htm . Last Updated March thirteenth 2013.) Dissolvability Dissolvability is the point at which a substance is disintegrated in a dissolvable, for example, water. This is then estimated in g/100mL to figure the dissolvability of that substance in the dissolvable, for example The dissolvability of 50g of Ammonium chloride would be appeared as 50g/100mL of water. Dissolvability is a technique used to ascertain the amount of a substance can be broken up in a dissolvable. This strategy can be clarified in three unique manners: an immersed arrangement, an unsaturated arrangement and a supersaturated arrangement. (See additionally: Study on Chemistry 1, page 295-96.) A soaked arrangement is the place no more solute can break down in the dissolvable at a particular temperature. [1] An unsaturated arrangement is the place more solute can be added to disintegrate in the dissolvable at a particular temperature. [2] However, a supersaturated arrangement is the place a surprising measure of solute can in any case be broken up in a dissolvable at a particular temperature. A supersaturated arrangement must be accomplished (with trouble) by changing the states of the immersed solution.â [3]â In this investigation, the substance is Ammonium chloride and the dissolvable is water and when combined, the Ammonium chloride breaks up. Rehashing this with various measures of ammonium chloride gives us the dissolvability of Ammonium chloride in g/100mL of water. While including more ammonium chloride, the maximum measure of the substance that can break up in the dissolvable is found, this is known as an immersed arrangement. On the off chance that a particular measure of ammonium chloride that consistently breaks up in g/100mL of water is utilized, it is called an unsaturated arrangement since a greater amount of the substance can be added to the dissolvable, to disintegrate. On the off chance that the immersed arrangement of the substance is reached however a greater amount of the substance is included and shockingly breaks up in the dissolvable, it is known as a supersaturated arrangement. This analysis can comprise of an immersed or an unsaturated arrangement in light of the f act that the dissolvability of Ammonium chloride in water is obscure. (See additionally: URLs showed in reference index with a * close to it) Solvency Curve Solvency bend is a diagram of dissolvability versus temperature. Dissolvability bends are utilized to anticipate the greatest measure of a substance that can be broken up in a dissolvable at a particular temperature. Solvents A dissolvable is a substance that is either a fluid, strong or gas that disintegrates a solute to make an answer. The greatest measure of a substance that any dissolvable can disintegrate relies upon the temperature of the dissolvable, for example On the off chance that water can disintegrate a limit of 30g of ammonium chloride at 50 °C, yet the temperature was expanded to 60 °C it could break down a greater amount of the ammonium chloride. There are two classifications of solvents: polar and non-polar solvents. A polar particle has different sides; one is certain and the other negative, otherwise called a dipolar atom. Polar atoms have polar bonds, however some can have polar bonds yet are non-polar particles. This is on the grounds that the polar bonds are organized such that they offset one another. The general extremity of a particle relies upon the bearing of the bond dipoles in an atom which is dictated by the state of the particle. Polar solvents can have a little electrical charge as a result of the state of the compound. A compound, for example, water has the hydrogen molecules at inverse edges of the oxygen particle. The hydrogen particles can make a little electrical charge in light of the bearing of the bond dipoles, which is dictated by the state of the hydrogen iota. A particle may blend in a polar dissolvable on the off chance that it has its very own extremity. Salt and sugar both break down in water effectively in light of the fact that their atoms are pulled in to the little electrical charges of water. Non-polar solvents dont have an electrical accuse and can't blend of a polar dissolvable. Polar and non-polar solvents utilize a dielectric consistent to give a harsh proportion of the solvents extremity. Dielectric constants are the electrical properties of a dissolvable utilizing a capacitor, where electrical flows go through. Non-polar solvents are considered to have a dielectric consistent of under 15. The extremity record gauges the capacity of a dissolvable to break up various polar materials. The aftereffects of both these tests are utilized in a table of normal solvents and in future can be utilized for recognizing solvents in concoction forms. (See likewise: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-polar-solvent.htm : Last Updated: fourteenth March 2013.) (See likewise: http://www.erowid.org/chronicle/rhodium/pdf/solvent.miscibility.pdf : Last Updated fourteenth March 2013.) Polar and non polar solvents are identified with this investigation since water is a polar dissolvable and ammonium chloride is a polar solute. This implies the two can combine. On the off chance that possibly one was a non-polar dissolvable or solute, they wouldnt blend since they dont have a positive or negative shaft that ties them together. Endothermic Reactions An endothermic response is the place an item retains vitality from its environmental factors, making its environmental factors drop in temperature. In an exothermic compound response the reactants have more vitality than the items. In any case, in an endothermic compound response the items have more vitality than the reactants since it ingests the vitality from the reactants and nature. In the event that ammonium chloride is included a recepticle loaded up with water and broke up, the measuring glass would get cold. This is on the grounds that it is an endothermic response, where the ammonium chloride retains the vitality from the dissolvable (water) and its environmental factors. This is the reason we heat ammonium chloride, so a greater amount of it very well may be broken up in a dissolvable (water) and the temperature won't drop quickly. (See likewise http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/chemreac/energychangesrev1.shtml : Last Updated fourteenth March 2013.) What is being researched? The possibility of this examination is to see what happens when ammonium chloride is included a test tube loaded up with a particular measure of water and warmed. The following piece of the examination is to see what happens when the item is permitted to cool. How is it being researched? This examination is being explored by utilizing a scope of hardware. An electronic parity is being utilized to gauge the ammonium chloride and get a precise outcome, and a burette to quantify an exact, 10mL of water which is included into a test tube with the ammonium chloride. An electric hot plate is then used to warm up this blend, and disintegrate it while during the time spent warming. Next, a counter stand is utilized to chill off the blend, so you dont need to hold the test tube with your hand since it would be super hot! At long last, an advanced thermometer is utilized to get an aftereffect of the temperature of when something occurs in the test tube, when it is chilling off. These consequences of the analysis are recorded and placed into tables and charts so others may see how the outcomes were assembled utilizing these gear. In what capacity will the outcomes be dissected? The outcomes will be broke down by discovering patterns in the insights that have been recorded. These outcomes will at that point be placed into a table and chart. The table will be broke down to examine if there are any outcomes that dont fit in and if there is a motivation behind why this outcome happened during the test. The diagram will be broke down by finding if there is a pattern between the outcomes on the chart (for example a consistent) and how they coordinate. Next, the diagram is investigated by checking if there is any irregularities or results that appear to be strange. At long last, the chart is broke down by testing or checking the outcomes to check whether they are right or wrong. Materials strong ammonium chloride 2 answer stands 500 ml measuring utencil Hand focal point 250 mL refined water burette burette holder enormous clean test tube electric hot plate spatula blending bar computerized thermometer 2 answer stand braces heat tangle electronic equalization dark card security glasses Technique 4gms of strong ammonium chloride was estimated and the genuine mass was recorded. The strong ammonium chloride was placed into the enormous clean test tube. The burette was loaded up with refined water till the level arrived at 10mL. This 10mL of water was added to the huge clean test tube with the strong ammonium chloride. 300mL of heated water was added to the 500mL recepticle. The recepticle was put on the electric

How to Write Term Papers With Independent Study

How to Write Term Papers With Independent StudyThere are many ways to help students learn how to write term papers. By providing a class that addresses how to write a term paper, there are a lot of instructions and it will be easier for students to learn how to do it. But in order to get a good class, the students must get a good teacher to teach them to write papers.One of the ways to find a good teacher is to look at independent study programs. These programs allow students to work on their own by taking classes on topics that interest them. But teachers should be used with independent study programs to offer students a chance to work on their own progress without having to worry about getting bad grades or making poor performance reports.A good student will do well if they are offered something to learn through an independent study program. This way, the students will learn the things that are most important to them and will show an increased level of creativity.Students should st art looking at independent study programs when they feel they need more advice on how to write papers. At this point, the students need to see what the teacher can do and what a great thing that they can learn from working in a class and with other students.However, before students will truly get the most out of an independent study program, they must be able to work on their own study. Having a teacher helping students get through this will not cut it.Independent study programs can take place on their own time and will provide students with information that will help them create a list of things that they need to learn. For students, getting things done on their own will give them the opportunity to go back to school and get what they need to finish the term papers.Students will have to find a reason to be a part of an independent study program. The best way to do this is to set up a list of everything that they want to learn about and what they plan to do with it.To learn how to w rite term papers, students must first find a teacher who can guide them through the process. It is much easier to find a teacher that has experience teaching, but students will also benefit from working on a subject that interests them.

Diet Reflection - Free Essay Example

Abstract This essay will explore the meal plans of a low cholesterol and high fiber diet and the restrictions that come along with it. There will be a section to identify what a patient with either one of these diets can eat at two restaurants in the area, Bartaco and Little Pub. As well as that, what a patient should eat at all meals, not just at these two disclosed restaurants. Lastly, the essay will speak about how to get a patient to adhere to the prescribed meal plan more. Bartaco had a decent amount of options for someone on a low cholesterol and an abundance of options for someone on high fiber diet. A low cholesterol diet includes lean meats, fat free or low-fat options, olive oil substitutes, whole grains, fruits and lower salt amounts. Three of the best options on the menu for someone on a low cholesterol diet would be the tuna poke, rotisserie chicken, and the ceviche. The tuna poke is raw tuna with green and red onions, poke dressing, avocado, sesame seeds. The reason this is a good option for someone with a low cholesterol diet is because tuna is a lean meat which reduces the fat intake, this would help with keeping your LCL low. The poke sauce is very healthy as well, it has sesame oil, soy sauce, red peppers and macadamia nuts (â€Å"Ahi Poke Basic Recipe† 2001.) The only source of fatty intake is in the sesame oil, macadamia nuts, but all of these are healthy fats. They are better for you than per say butter or cooking with vegetable oil. At Little Pub there were far more options for a low cholesterol diet. The top three choices from Little Pub with someone on this diet would be the Santorini wrap, Napa salmon flatbread, and the peeking duck tacos. All these entries have a lean meat as the main aspect. The additives to these entries were vegetables and form of a whole grain tortilla or flatbread. These follow the restrictions of the low cholesterol. There is a lot of redundancy when you compare the menus; tuna and chicken are two options that are very available and eatable for this diet due to the lean nature of both proteins. Next, the high fiber diet. This diet includes a larger quantity of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, grains, and beans. These foods keep you full longer and help the body use sugar. Bartaco had a greater amount of options for a high fiber diet; the cauliflower rice bowl. The rice bowl includes roasted bell peppers and the topping of your choice in this case cauliflower (which contain nuts). There are many sides you could put together to make a larger meal such as fresh pineapple w/ a chopped salad or plantains with guacamole and grilled corn, but the rice bowl provides the most fiber. At Little Pub you can get a variety of salads, hummus and flat bread and a sweet potato tostada. The tostada has an oven roasted sweet potato, kale, mushrooms, guacamole, black beans, corn, pico de gallo, and sour cream. A patient would receive much of the diet through â€Å"greenery† and some of the needed fiber through the black beans in this meal. Both menus didn’t have any alternatives aside from some gluten free availability, but as far as accommodations for a low cholesterol or high fiber diet nothing was mentioned. These are two diets that accommodations aren’t need. The patient has to self-advocate and check to make sure he/she is making the best decision when it comes to food choices. To help guide the patient for what they should be eating throughout the day with a low cholesterol diet I would recommend for breakfast an omelet or a low-fat yogurt parfait with fruit and oats or other nuts. For lunch and dinner, I would follow the outline spoken about in the first paragraph; sticking to lean means and fruits. For a high fiber diet breakfast, one should include oatmeal with pecans or a fruit smoothie. The same guidelines listed in paragraph two should be followed for lunch and dinner. To increase compliance in a patient with any meal plan the patient must be interested in changing his or eating habits. To do this a nurse should explain how a diet plan would improve their over all health and the contradictions if they decide not to implement the plan. The more information a patient can get the better, but don’t over whelm them. Also, a nurse should take into consideration the economic influences that a patient might be under. For example, someone from a lower socio-economic background should be told that frozen substitutes for fresh foods are alright to use, even though fresh would be better. Lastly, encourage and support the patient in whatever strides they make towards their health goal. Being negative or nagging the patient would deter them from being proud or progressing in their health goals. Lastly, I believe that the easier meal plan to follow is the high fiber because you don’t have to worry about what meats your eating the patient can add more vegetables and fruits into their diet and be ok. Whereas, in a low cholesterol diet the patient must ensure that the protein he or she is eating lean protein at all meals and continue their intake of â€Å"greens.† Lastly, the low cholesterol diet has tests to see if a patient is meeting the numbers for his/her health, which if they don’t make the range it can be detrimental to the patient’s progress. Citations Bartaco Menu. (2015). Retrieved September 19, 2018, from https://bartaco.com/location/westport/ Chan, J., T. (2001, December 05). Ahi Poke Basic Recipe. Retrieved from https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/12870/ahi-poke-basic/ Little Pub. (n.d.). American Restaurant and Bar, Comfort food, Burgers, Dinner and Lunch in Fairfield, CT. Retrieved from https://littlepub.com/fairfield/menus.php Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Hall, A., Stockert, P. A. (2017). Fundamentals of Nursing. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

The Village Blacksmith, The Crowd Of Wild Olive - 863 Words

What is human dignity? We often ask ourselves this question as we grow up, experience things, and know what is in the world. As we ask this question other questions arise as such, is it earned, invented, or intrinsic? I believe it depends on the situation, but the following stories bring up each of these questions and deliver different ways of delivering the ideas of human dignity being earned, invented, or intrinsic. The Village Blacksmith, The Crowd of Wild Olive, Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglas all bring up these points and others as well as how different life situations relate to human dignity. The Village Blacksmith is a poem about a man that works very hard each day. He is dirty and sweaty from his hard work. The characters arms are compared to a machine of sorts when the author says, â€Å"The smith a mighty man is he, With large and sinewy hands; And the muscles of his brawny arms Are strong as iron bands.† (596). Although rough, and hardworking the story shows that the man has human dignity when he hears his daughter singing in church and it reminds him of his wife who has passed away and begins to tear up. He wipes away his tears with his rough hard working hands. In my opinion, this shows that even though a man is rough, hard working, and tough he can still have the human dignity to mourn his late wife and have the emotion that comes from hearing his wife s voice in his daughter, but still be able to work

Effect Of Demographics On The Choice Of Investments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3451 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Demography Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? It has been observed that over the last decade the Income of the third world countries such as India, China and Indonesia has grown at a high pace. As the wealth of the people increases they will have confidence in the markets and start investing in financial products. This research paper deals with the investment decisions of all individuals across different income groups, age, gender etc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effect Of Demographics On The Choice Of Investments" essay for you Create order and tries to identify the affect of demographic factors on the decision making investors The study aims to find out if the demographic factors of an individual namely his age, income, gender, savings, source of income and investment experience have any effect on the patterns of investment and hence affect his risk taking ability. Advanced quantitative techniques have been used to investigate the data and judgment has been given on the basis of statistical output. The results would help the managers in the Wealth Management process in advising their clients better regarding investments that are most suitable according to their demographics and personality type. The study provides evidence that the investment choice depends on and is affected by the demographic variables. Introduction India, China and Brazil showed the highest growth in the number of HNIà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in the year 2007 (The world wealth report 2008). The growth in the exposure that these markets have still remains untapped as they have only 3 percent exposure to equities. As the wealth of the people increases they will have confidence in the markets and start investing in financial products. In the 1970s and early 1980s, researchers found enough evidences that the markets are efficient and investment decisions are taken rationally. However, over a period of time there have been major challenges to the rationality assumption. Such challenges, coming from behavioral finance, continue to advance the argument that the traditional finance theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s predictive power is no match to what investors observe and experience in the markets, in reality. Behavioral finance is a new emerging science that exploits the irrational behavior of the investors. According to the behavioral econom ists, individuals do not function perfectly as the classical school opines. Weber (1999) makes the observation, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Behavioral finance closely combines individual behavior and market phenomena and uses the knowledge taken from both psychological field and financial theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The key result of a behavioral finance-enhanced relationship will be a portfolio to which the advisor can comfortably adhere while fulfilling the clientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ long-term goals. This result has obvious advantages which suggests that behavioral finance will continue to play an increasing role in Wealth Management The study aims to find out if the demographic factors of an individual namely his age, income, gender, savings, source of income and investment experience have any effect on the patterns of investment and hence affect his risk taking ability. Quantitative techniques shall be used to investigate the data and the decision will be given on the basis of the analysis. Th e results would help the people involved in the Wealth Management process in advising their clients better regarding investments that are most suitable according to their demographics and personality type. Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate how the investment choice is affected by the demographics of the investors, once we study the choice effecting variables, we will use past data and monitor what have been the returns achieved from such proportion of investments and we shall determine the ideal portfolio and mix in the portfolio. Such knowledge will be highly useful for financial advisors as it will help them to advise their clients regarding investments that are appropriate with respect to their demographic profiles. Literature review A number of studies have been conducted to study how risk tolerance varies with the individual demographics, such as, gender, age, education, income, etc. Most of these studies have, however, concentrated on exploring the gender differences in investment choice. Harlow and Keith (1990) found that women prefer low risk bets when asked to make choices in an experimental market environment, involving auctions and lotteries (Olsen and Cox, 2001). Experimental evidence suggests that women may be more risk averse towards gamble (Hershey and Schoemaker, 1980). Large-scale one-on-one attitude surveys by the Investment Company Institute and SRI International in the year 1996 and 1997 respectively, also revealed that women tend to prefer lower risk assets than men. (Olsen and Cox, 2001). Women hold less risky assets than men (Jianakoplos and Bernasek, 1998) and they also choose less risky alternatives (Powll and Ansic, 1997). Women exhibited less risk-taking behavior than men in their mos t recent, largest and riskiest mutual fund investment decisions (Dwyer et al., 2002). Women are more risk averse than men in gambles, investment frames with possibility of loss and gamble frame with no losses (Eckel and Grossman, 2003). Brynes and Miller (1999) have studied and investigated the relationship between risk and gender and concluded that women tend to take less risk than men (Olsen and Cox, 2001). Women are less likely to invest in riskier but high return assets than men (Mc Donald, 1997). However, the empirical investigation of gender difference in risk taking is inconclusive (Charness and Gneezy, 2004). While most research conducted prior to 1980 concluded that gender difference clearly exists, more recent research studies yield mixed results (Changanti and Parasuraman, 1996; and Powell and Ansic, 1997). Males and females are equally successful in taking decisions under conditions of risk (Hudgen and Fatkin, 1985). They are equally effective in the leadership rol e (Eagly et al., 1995) and are equally capable of processing and reacting to information (Stinerock et al., 1991). As businessmen/women, many studies have found similar level of performance for women-owned business as those which are owned by men (Kalleberg and Leicht, 1991; and Fischer et al., 1993). In an abstract lottery choice, Schubert et al. (2000) framed choices as either potential gain, or potential loss. They found that women are more risk averse than men in domain of gain, while men are more risk averse than women in the frame of loss domain. Women fund mangersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ both domestic and internationalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ hold portfolios which are marginally riskier than those of men, and their returns also outperform those of men (Bliss and Potter, 2001). Women were found to be less risk averse than men when the gambles were framed as insurance (Duda et al., 2004). Although, the impact of gender on risk taking is significantly weakened when investor knowledge of fi nancial markets and investments is controlled in the regression equation, the greater level of risk aversion among women, which is frequently documented in the literature, cannot be completely, explained by knowledge disparities (Dwyer et al., 2002). In the Indian context, Gupta (www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/bandhk/1118105.html) has indicated that from the angle of investor protection, the regulation of the new issue market is important for several reasons. The number of small investors in new issue market is massive. Most of new investors make their first entry into equity investments via the new issue market. So retaining common investor confidence in primary markets is important. Madhusoodan (www.nyse.com/press/NT00545421.html) has indicated that in the Indian stock market, higher risk is not priced, hence investment in higher risk instruments is of no use. Kakati (www.investorclaims.com/html/bokermisconduct.html) has indicated that Indian IPOs are under priced in the short run and overpriced in the long run. Selling after allotment, around the listing month, is the cause of major return differences between IPOs performance in the short run and long run. Gokaran has studied the financing patterns of the corporate growth in the country. The study indicated that equity markets suffer serious inadequacies as a mechanism for raising capital. Murali (www.ssrn.com) has indicated that new issues market (NIM) focuses on decreasing information asymmetry, easy accessibility of capital by large sections of medium and small enterprises, national level participation in promoting efficient investments, and increasing a culture of investments in productive sector. In order that these goals are achieved, a substantial level of improvement in the regulatory standards in India at the voluntary and enforcement levels is warranted. The most crucial steps to achieve these goals would be to develop measures to strengthen the new issues market. To effectively and efficiently serve clients in todays competitive industry, financial planners increasingly rely on information technology. The larger the financial planning firm, the more critical the use of information technology becomes as its applications extend to areas outside financial planning such as payroll, accounting, marketing, and operations. This article proposes the establishment of a new research discipline, financial planning informatics, which focuses on the development of technology tools to support the unique needs of financial planners. We live in the information age. Information is the result of processing, manipulating, and organizing data in a way that creates new knowledge (Rahman 2006). A number of studies have been conducted to study how risk tolerance varies with the individual demographics, such as, gender, age, education, income, etc (Schooley Worden, 1996; Shaw, 1996; Xiao Noring, 1994; Watson and Naughton, 2007). Most of these studies have, however, concentrated on explorin g the gender differences in investment choice. The impact of other demographic factors, such as, age, education, income, occupation and dependents on investment choice has not been investigated by many researchers. But whatever studies have been done suggest that they (other demographic factors) affect individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investment decisions. Risk tolerance, a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude towards accepting risk, is an important concept which has implications for both financial service providers and consumers. For the latter, risk tolerance is one factor which may determine the appropriate composition of assets in a portfolio which is optimal in terms of risk and return relative to the needs of the individual (Droms, 1987). In fact, the well-documented home country bias of investors may be a manifestation of risk aversion on the part of investors (see Cooper, and Kaplanis, 1994 and Simons, 1999). For fund managers, Jacobs and Levy (1996) argue that the inabilit y to effectively determine investor risk tolerance may lead to homogeneity among investment funds. Further, Schirripa and Tecotzky (2000) argue that the standard Markowitz portfolio optimization process can be optimised by pooling groups of investors together with different attitudes to risk into a single efficient portfolio that maintains the groups average risk tolerance. Although a number of factors have been proposed and tested, a brief survey of the results reveals a distinct lack of consensus. First, it is generally thought that risk tolerance decreases with age (see Wallach and Kogan 1961; McInish 1982; Morin and Suarez 1983; and Palsson 1996) although this relationship may not necessarily be linear (see Riley and Chow 1992; Bajtelsmit and VanDerhai 1997). Intuitively this result can be explained by the fact that younger investors have a greater (expected) number of years to recover from the losses that may be incurred with risky investments. Interestingly, there is some s uggestion that biological changes in enzymes due to the aging process may be responsible (see Harlow and Brown, 1990). More recent research however, reveals evidence of a positive relationship or fails to detect any impact of age on risk tolerance (see Wang and Hanna 1997; Grable and Joo 1997; Grable and Lytton 1998, Hanna, Gutter and Fan, 1998; Grable 2000, Hariharan, Chapman and Domian, 2000; and Gollier and Zeckhauser, 2002). A second demographic which is frequently argued to determine risk tolerance is gender and Bajtelsmit and Bernasek (1996), Palsson (1996), Jianakoplos and Bernasek (1998), Bajtelsmit, Bernasek and Jianakoplos (1999), Powell and Ansic (1997), and Grable (2000) find support for the notion that females have a lower preference for risk than males. Grable and Joo (1999) and Hanna, Gutter and Fan (1998) however, find that gender is not significant in predicting financial risk tolerance. Education is a third factor which is thought to increase a personà ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s capacity to evaluate risks inherent to the investment process and therefore endow them with a higher financial risk tolerance (see Baker and Haslem, 1974; Haliassos and Bertaut, 1995; Sung and Hanna, 1996). Shaw (1996) derives a model which suggests an element of circularity in this argument however, as the relative risk aversion of an individual is shown to determine the rate of human capital acquisition. Income and wealth are two related factors which are hypothesised to exert a positive relationship on the preferred level of risk (see Friedman 1974; Cohn, Lewellen, Lease and Schlarbaum 1975; Blume 1978; Riley and Chow 1992; Grable and Lytton 1999; Schooley and Worden 1996; Shaw 1996; and Bernheim et al, 2001). For the latter, however, the issue is not clear cut. On the one hand, wealthy individuals can more easily afford to incur the losses resulting from a risky investment and their accumulated wealth may even be a reflection of their preferred level of risk. Alte rnatively, wealthy people may be more conservative with their money while people with low levels of personal wealth may view risky investments as a form of lottery ticket and be more willing to bear the risk associated with such payoffs. This argument is analogous to Bowmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1982) proposition that troubled firms prefer and seek risk. Investigation of the investment decisions made by married individuals presents a unique challenge to researchers as the investment portfolio of the couple may reflect the combined risk preferences of the couple (Bernasek and Shwiff, 2001). The available evidence suggests that single investors are more risk tolerant (Roszkowski, Snelbecker and Leimberg, 1993) although some research has failed to identify any significant relationship (McInish, 1982; Masters, 1989; and Haliassos and Bertaut, 1995). Methodology The study employs primary data collected by communicating with the respondents with the help of a structured questionnaire. Before undertaking the survey, a pilot test of the questionnaire was done with 40 respondents. Their views were incorporated in the final questionnaire and desired results were obtained. The study is based on responses obtained from the respondents belonging to a wide cross section. The total sample consisted of about 150 people, Males/Females from Salaried/ Self Employed, were split from different Age groups of Less than 35, 35-45, 45 and above. Investment Experience (Measured in the No of years) and the savings of Individuals post investment was also observed. The study employed non-probabilistic sampling method to select the respondents. The sampling method used can best be described as a mix of judgmental and convenient sampling. The questionnaire (Annexure) consists of a risk profiling exercise combined with the demographic characteristics requir ed about the investor. Later a combination of cluster analysis along with a couple of other tests like LOGIT, PROBIT Etc will be used. DATA ANALYSIS The risk taking ability of the respondents was found by looking at the patterns and similarities that could be found and understood in the data. Techniques of Regression and Logit tests are used. Then the demographic characteristics of the people to their risk taking ability and any similar patterns are also identified. From the final questionnaire we got to know the risk profile, demographic profile, choice of investments, other habits and observations etc. Later any patterns and similarities were looked at in the data. The analysis was done using Logit tests identifying probabilities, Multi logistic regression, Man- Whitney U test and chi square. The following hypotheses were formulated to study whether the choice of Investment depends upon variables, such as, gender, age, income, educational qualification and occupation. The hypotheses are stated as follows: Ho.1: There is no significant difference between the males and females in their choice of investment avenues. Ho.2: There is no significant difference among the investors belonging to different age groups in their choice of investment avenues. Ho.3: There is no significant difference between the investors of different occupations in their choice of investment avenues. Ho.4: There is no significant difference between the investors having different investment experience in their choice of investment avenues. Ho.5: There is no significant difference between the investors having different savings post investment in their choice of investment avenues. Logit Regression Using the data, we have calculated if the respondent is a risk taking or a risk averse investor. His risk taking behavior is taken as a Dependent variable. The various independent variables include Age, Gender, No of dependents, Income; savings post investments, investment experience etc. The model studies the change in the dependent variable due to change in all these independent variables. We use ungrouped method of Logit regression as we observe that these variables are independent and are not very much correlated with each other; hence they show lesser chance of hetroscedasticity with each other. Wald statistic (test) was used to test the significance of individual logistic regression coefficients for each independent variables ( that is to test the null hypothesis in logistic regression that a particular logit coefficient is zero). It is the ratio of the unstandardised logit coefficient to its standard error. The Wald statistic and its corresponding p probability level i s part of the SPSS output. The independents may be dropped from the equations when their effect is not significant by the Wald statistic. We observe that the regression equation is significant at 10% with Wald value of 2.959. It was observed that among the independent variables the Age, gender and Investment experience are considered to be significant with a Wald value of 18.571, 3.47, 3.457 respectively they are also significant as they fall in significance level of 10%. However No of dependents, the Income and savings post investment are not significant enough and they are not at a significant level too with more than 10% significance level. It is observed that the number of dependents or siblings of a person does not define his risk taking ability and capacity, same is the reason for the person being salaried or being self employed for his living. There is no pattern observed for the level of savings that person has after his investment habits. Hence it can be said that the risk taking capacity can be mainly judged by his Age, Gender and Investment experience. The logit can be converted easily into an odds ratio simply by using an exponential function. The original odds are multiplied by e to the bth power, where b is the logistic regression coefficient, when the given independent increases by one unit. The ratio of odds ratio of the independent is the ratio of the relative importance of the independent variables on the dependent variables. The value of ratio for income 1.083 . Hence a unit change in income affects the change in risk taking ability by 1.083 Further in the regression equation the variable Age is highly significant with the score of 21.443 in the equation, so is gender and investment experience. The equation has a overall statistics of 28.953 with a appropriate significance level. R Square in logistic regression R2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" measures attempts to measure strength of association. For small examples, for instance, an R2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" like measure might be high when the goodness of fit was unacceptable by model chi- square or some other test. Cox and Snell R square is used to in the interpretation of multiple R square based on the likelihood, but the value lesser than1 is, the better. Here the value is 0.230. Nagelkerkes R2 divides Cox and Snells R2 by its maximum in order to achieve a measure that ranges from 0 to 1. Therefore Nagelkerkes R2 which is here 0.310 will normally be higher than the Cox and Snell measure but will tend to run lower than the corresponding OLS R2 which is 133.048. Nagelkerkes R2 is the most-reported of the R-squared estimates. Conclusion The insight of how an investment choice gets affected by the demographic variables helps the financial advisors to advise their clients better. The clients, on the other hand, on being advised regarding the investments that suit their profile, will not only rate such an advice higher but will also appreciate it. This study thus, will certainly improve the mutual trust between the advisor and his client. Similar studies with diverse samples will help in understanding the investment psychology better. From the research we observe that the risk taking ability can be mainly judged by his Age, Gender and Investment experience. That is if the person falls in a specific age category, the financial planner cab be readily prepared for the desires level of risky portfolio to be offered to the client. It has been noticed from the data that mostly people with high age are risk adverse on the contrary young people like to take very high risks and invest in aggressive stocks and speculative i nstruments. Men have been observed to be more risk taking and aggressive than most females. And people who have experience of trading in the financial markets also determine the level of risk they like to take. It is observed that the no of dependents or siblings that a person does not define his risk taking ability and capacity initially we thought that people who have more no of siblings would like to take less risk however same has not been observed in this case, same is the case for the person being salaried or being self employed for his living. Similarly no pattern has been observed for the level of savings that person has after his investment habits and the level of risk that he like to take.

Celies Transformation in Alice Walkers Color Purple Essay

Celies Transformation in The Color Purple Celie is not a typical protagonist. In Alice Walkers The Color Purple, the main character Celie is an ugly, poor girl who is severely lacking in self-confidence. However, Celie transforms throughout the course of the novel and manages to realize herself as a colorful, beautiful, and proud human being. Celie becomes a powerful individual. The Color Purple follows Celies transformation from an ugly duckling into a beautiful swan. What is remarkable is the fact that this transformation does not merely compose the plot of the novel, it also dominates the layout of the pages. The books chapters are not written in a typical fashion as each chapter is a letter written from†¦show more content†¦____. The way Celies stepfather and Mr. ____ bargain over her is well described in the book and we can truly understand how Celie is being treated; The women he [Mr. ____] had helping him done quit. His mammy done said No More. He say, Let me see her again. Pa call me. Celie, he say. Like it wasnt nothing. Mr. ____ want another look at you1. Mr. ____ treats her just as bad as her stepfather once did; she is in the house only to take care of the household, the children and to fulfil Mr. ____s sexual desires. Celies transformation from Mr. ____s slave into an independent women is successful thanks to two strong women that become role models for Celie in her everyday life; Shug Avery and Sofia. Sofia is a role model in a more unconscious way for Celie then Shug is. Sofias whole appearance and behaviour is proud, she lets no one sit on her and Celie is, at first, jealous of Sofias self-confidence and tries to destroy it by giving her husband Harpo the advice to beat her to make her obedient; I think about this when Harpo ast me what he ought to do to make her mind. [---] I think bout how every time I jump when Mr. _____ call me, she [Sofia] look surprise. And like she pity me. Beat her. I say2. When this does not work, Celie realises that Sofia is someone to become more alike, not someone to destroy. Shug Avery, on the other hand, is the women who is not only a theoretical role model, likeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Race and Class in Alice Walkers Color Purple1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Color Purple  Ã‚     Ã‚   An important  Ã‚  juncture in Alice Walkers The Color Purple is reached when Celie first recovers the missing letters from her long-lost sister Nettie. This discovery not only signals the introduction of a new narrator to this epistolary novel but also begins the transformation of Celie from writer to reader. Indeed, the passage in which Celie struggles to puzzle out the markings on her first envelope from Nettie provides a concrete illustration of both Celies particularRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker926 Words   |  4 PagesThe award-winning novel, â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker, is a story about a woman going through cruel things such as: incest, rape, and physical abuse. This greatly written novel comes from a very active feminist author who used many of her own experiences, as well as things that were happening during that era, in her writing. â€Å"The Color Purple† takes place in the early 1900s, and symbolizes the economic, emotional, and social deprivation that African American women faced in Southern statesRead MoreCritical Essay on the Color Purple1343 Words   |  6 PagesWalker’s Purple is Not Just a Color Alice Walker’s epistolary novel The Color Purple demonstrates how the mistreatment of a woman cannot prevent her from fulfilling her destiny. The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Celie, is a young, uneducated black girl who is verbally and sexually abused by her supposed father, Alphonso. He fathers two children with her, kidnapping both and presumably killing one, if not both. Because of the unwarranted trauma, she struggles for the rest of her lifeRead MoreFeminine Narrative in Alice Walkers The Color Purple Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, has been considered by critics as effectively using â€Å"narrative techniques† to make readers cry (Warhol 183). Emphasizing on these matters, Robyn R. Warhol, the author of â€Å"Narration Produces Gender: Femininity as Affect and Effect in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple†, analyzes the usefulness of the novel’s narration approaches, focusing on th e meaning of Nettie’s letters to Celie and especially the fairy-tale unity in Celie’s last letter. Using The Color PurpleRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker921 Words   |  4 PagesAlice Walker’s realistic novel, The Color Purple revolves around many concerns that both African American men and women faced in an era, where numerous concerns of discrimination were raised. Religious and gender issues are confronted by the main characters which drive the plot and paint a clear image of what life may possibly have been like inside an African American home. Difficulties were faced by each and every character specifically Celie and Nettie who suffered heavy discrimination throughoutRead MoreThe Color Purple by Alice Walker Summary, Main Idea, Conflict, Point of View, Setting and Tone.1399 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker is a series a letters by and to the main character, Celie. The book begins with fourteen year old Celie wri ting to God about her father raping her and taking away her children. After Celies mother dies, Celie focuses on protecting her sister, Nettie, from her fathers sexual advances and encourages her to run away. A widower called â€Å"Mr. __† wants to marry Nettie, but their father rejects him. Eventually Celie marries Mr. __, who later is called Albert, and herRead MoreComparative Essay; to Kill a Mockingbird and the Colour Purple3841 Words   |  16 PagesOne Will Take What He Is Given The purpose of Alice Walker’s novel The Color Purple and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is to demonstrate the hardships that are met when ignorance and tradition bring about the influence of sexism, racism and genuine prejudice to the general public. Ignorance is the root cause of prejudice as it prevents one to see beauty, so when it comes to dealing with the discriminating behavior held in this social order, the vast majority of people are judged by the labelRead MoreThe Color Purple Character Analysis1362 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Transformation of Celie in The Color Purple† The 1900’s – a time when blacks were segregated from whites and women were seen as inferior to men. Alice Walkers character Celie, from The Color Purple, was ugly and terrified as a young girl. Though many trials and tribulations, she would become strong and independent. In addition, Celie built up a resistance to the hurt and suffering that she painfully endured from her stepfather and husband. She eventually allowed herself to not take simpleRead MoreDouble Discrimination Exposed in The Color Purple Essay953 Words   |  4 Pageswomen.nbsp; Black women have had to face unbelievable odds at obtaining self-assurance. nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;African-American woman have had to deal with being black and female, a double-edged sword.nbsp; In her novel, The Color Purple, author Alice Walker introduces southern black female characters that not only faced slavery, but sexism, racism and oppression.nbsp; Through a series of letters, mostly addressed to god, by the main character Celie, we travel through a span of thirtyRead MoreColors And Independence In Alice Walkers The Color Purple1555 Words   |  7 Pages Alice Walker’s masterpiece, The Color Purple, uses ordinary things such as clothes, colors, jobs, and money as strong symbolism. In this book, pants symbolize independence. Pants change the way society views and treats a person. They also convey that a person is strong, confident, free, and equal to others. Alice Walker shows the reader how wearing pants can have a big effect on a person’s life, especially if that person is a woman in the early twentieth century. From the beginning of time to less

The Middle Ages Essay Research Paper During free essay sample

The Middle Ages Essay, Research Paper During the English center ages jurisprudence frequently took on the signifier of an ordeal. An ordeal is a method of test in which the accused was given a physical trial that could merely be met successfully if he or she was # 8220 ; guiltless # 8221 ; in the eyes of God. I will discourse specifically three types of ordeals that were normally used. I # 8212 ; Ordeal of White Hot Iron This ordeal was used to prove a individual? s honestness. If a individual was accused of lying to an functionary refering to a offense purportedly committed, so the person would be given a pick. If the accused held the white hot Fe and did non acquire burned by it so he was guiltless. If the accused held the Fe and was burned so he was considered to be guilty and so punished harmonizing to the jurisprudence. The accused would besides be held as guilty if he chose non to set about the ordeal at all. We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle Ages Essay Research Paper During or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page II # 8212 ; Ordeal of Fire This ordeal was the lone ordeal administered to adult females accused of rip offing on their hubbies. The suspected adult female, dressed in white fabric, was made to walk through fire. If the vesture singed or turned black, so she was guilty and faced penalty. Three — Trial by Combat Of all mediaeval ordeals, this one may be considered the most fatal. To settle a difference in this mode the complainant and the suspect would hold to pay a combat with each other until the decease. Armor, if allowed would be pantie and merely a blade or sticker would be used. Often the event would be conducted in a public meeting topographic point such as the town square. This led to the amusement facet of the ordeal. The townspeople would frequently demand one arm tied behind the dorsum or have weights tied around each leg to lend to the merriment of spectatorship. While these methods of test may look unfair or even barbarous by today? s criterion they were widely accepted by the people on the footing on spiritual beliefs that God would reign as the supreme justice over the affair. However, seldom did one of all time walk off from ordeal by white hot Fe with an unmarred manus. And really few times did the # 8220 ; David # 8221 ; murder the # 8220 ; Goliath # 8221 ; in test by combat. Yet the townspeople continued to support these events, even after the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 outlawed churchmans to take portion in the tests. The ordeals lasted on the side until the early 19th century.

Our Right to Drugs Essay Example For Students

Our Right to Drugs Essay You might be tempted to label Thomas Szasz, author of Our Right to Drugs, The Case for a Free Market, a counter-culture hippie. However, this analysis couldnt be further from the truth. Szasz, a Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at the State University of New York Health Science Center in Syracuse, is a major supporter of civil liberties. He sees the so-called War on Drugs as one of the worst atrocities that the American Government has perpetrated on its people. Szasz contends that the prohibition of certain drugs, including common prescription drugs, is nothing more than the government telling the people that father knows best. It is this paternalistic attitude that Szasz finds so oppressive. Mr. Szasz makes three key arguments throughout his book. First, the War on Drugs is a failure and can never succeed. It should be stopped immediately. Second, drug legalization is not a viable answer. It would only turn into another attempt by the government to control drugs and would not be any more of a free market than the current system of drug prohibition. Third, he proposes a solution. The solution is to end all drug regulation by the government; in effect, creating a free market for drugs. He doesnt stop at illicit drugs, however. He also includes prescription drugs in this solution as well. He sees the governments drug control policy as an attempt by the government to control its population, much like a parent controls his/her children. In order to get at what Mr. Szasz is saying, we must first examine his definition of what a free market is. Szasz defines the free market as the right of every competent adult to trade in goods and services. (Szasz, page 2). In other words, he is outlining a laissez-faire system of the free market. Szasz contends that the governments only role in a free market is to protect people from force and fraud and, to the maximum extent possible, abstain from participating in the production and distribution of goods and services. (Szasz, page 2). In this system of laissez-faire, the government has a very small role. According to Szasz, the government should have a passive role in any market, including the market for drugs. Once the government gives up its active role, which is represented by the war on drugs, a free market for drugs which Szasz proposes can be attained. As we delve into Mr. Szaszs first argument, we begin to see major problems with the governments War on Drugs. According to S zasz, the prohibition of drugs is a blatant violation of human rights guaranteed to American citizens by the Constitution. In order to prove his point, he equates drugs to personal property. According to the Constitution, every American citizen shall have the inalienable right to life, liberty, and property, the first two elements resting squarely on the last. (Szasz, 1). Thus, Szasz contends that because both our bodies and drugs are types of propertyproducing, trading in, and using drugs are property rights, and drug prohibitions constitute a deprivation of basic constitutional rights. (Szasz, 2). In other words, just like the prohibition of alcohol required a constitutional amendment, so does the prohibition of drugs. Without that amendment, the prohibition of drugs is in direct violation of the Constitution. The second argument that Szasz makes is one, surprisingly enough, against the legalization of drugs. Even though Szasz argues for a free market for drugs, this is much different from the argument that self-proclaimed drug legalizers make. According to Szasz, most proponents of drug legalization argue for what he calls Legalization as Taxation (Szasz, page 106). Ethan Nadelmann, professor of politics and public affairs at Princeton University, claims the following,Lets say we decide, okay, were not going to legalize crack; what we will do is legalize 15-percent cocaine. . . . Yes, some people are still going to want to go to the black market. . . and buy crack. You wont be able to prevent that. But lets say 70 percent of the market will be using the legal, less potent substance. Thats good, because the government taxes it, regulates it. . . . The object is to undercut the criminal element (Szasz, page 106). .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .postImageUrl , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:hover , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:visited , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:active { border:0!important; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:active , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychology Essay ExampleFrom this, we can only conclude that proponents of so called drug legalization are only pushing the legalization in order to eliminate or significantly reduce the criminal element. However, Szasz continues to add that Undercutting the criminal element is a far cry from seriously engaging the problem of drug controls, (Szasz, page 107). In other words, even though legalization is possibly a step in the right direction, it still wouldnt bring this country out of the woods. In comparison, Szasz analyzes how legalizing drugs would be much like the system of prescription medication. The comparison between the prescription drug to the illicit drug is one of Szaszs most compelling arguments. According to Szasz, we will never be able to control all the substances out there. Szasz outlines how this mentality is much like an overprotective parent. The government doesnt trust its own people with their own bodies and the decisions that affect their bodies. Szasz states, in no uncertain terms, that people should be able to do whatever they want to their own bodies. This leads directly into Szaszs third argument. Szasz argues that the solution to the countrys drug problems is to lift all prohibitions on all drugs, illicit and prescription. Then and only then would our government be obeying the Constitution as it is written. This laissez-faire system places the responsibility on the American people to police themselves when it comes to drugs. However, Szasz says that he recognizes a need for limiting the free market in drugs, just as he recognizes a need for limiting the free market in many other goods. The legitimate place for that limit, however, is where free access to a particular product presents a clear and present danger to the safety and security of others. (Szasz, page 7). Thus, Szasz recognizes that if people pose a threat to the Constitutional rights of others, the government is obligated to step in and regulate, much as it does with dynamite or guns. This should be the governments only role, however. It has no legal right to do anythi ng else. Szasz has really done something amazing with this book. Being a child of the 1980s, I have had anti-drug propaganda shoved down my throat at every corner. Whether it was just say no or images of how stupid marijuana made you, it was a staple of a young boys life. It even got to me. The government convinced me that drugs were evil, something that only hardened criminals did. Even worse, drugs could transform a little boy into a hardened criminal. What Szasz has been able to do with his arguments, however, is open my eyes to the other side of the debate. Now, given the knowledge his book has given me, I am able to make more informed decisions when it comes to the laws of our country. I only hope that one day I am in a position to educate more people of the atrocities our government is guilty of. Bibliography:

Mid Term Exam free essay sample

You work with a Government agency managing several large defense contracts. On one of these contracts with a contractor named ATI, an issue has arisen concerning the allowability of certain ATI incurred and invoiced costs. ATIs contract is a cost plus award fee contract. The specific costs in question involve some $50,000 in costs running the ATI fitness center at the ATI main business campus. Additionally, ATI paid $500,000 to a political action committee (PAC) which supports legislative initiatives for defense contractors. Finally, ATI incurred and invoiced the Government $1. 5 million for its legal fees associated with a proceeding brought against it by the local U. S. Attorneys Office for an alleged violation of the False Claims Act under 31 U. S. C. 3730. This False Claims act matter was ultimately resolved and settled through a consent decree between the parties. Before he visits the local DCAA auditor for guidance on what actions to take, your boss want you to prepare an essay advising him on whether any of these three sums are allowable under the FAR. We will write a custom essay sample on Mid Term Exam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would advise my boss of the regulations set forth in the FAR that he may use to his discretion. 1st Sum- Far part 31. 205-13 Employee morale, health, welfare, food service, and dormitory costs and credits states that â€Å"(a) Aggregate costs incurred on activities designed to improve working conditions, employer-employee relations, employee morale, and employee performance (less income generated by these activities) are allowable, subject to the limitations contained in this subsection. Some examples of allowable activities are— (1) House publications; (2) Health clinics; (3) Wellness/fitness centers; (4) Employee counseling services; and (5) Food and dormitory services for the contractor’s employees at or near the contractor’s facilities. The fact that they are running a fitness center is completely authorized under the FAR. 2nd Sum- FAR 31. 205-47 Costs related to legal and other proceedings states that â€Å"(b) In accordance with 41 U. S. C. 4310 and 10 U. S. C. 2324(k), costs incurred in connection with any proceeding brought by a Federal, State, local, or foreign government, or by a contractor or subcontractor employee submitting a whistleblower complaint of reprisal in accordance with 41 U. S. C. 4712 or 10 U. S. C. 2409, for violation of, or a failure to comply with, law or regulation by the contractor (including its agents or employees), or costs incurred in connection with any proceeding brought by a third party in the name of the United States under the False Claims Act, 31 U. S. C. 3730, are unallowable if the result is— (1) In a criminal proceeding, a conviction; (2) In a civil or administrative proceeding, either a finding of contractor liability where the proceeding involves an allegation of fraud or similar misconduct; or imposition of a monetary penalty, or an order issued by the agency head to the contractor or subcontractor to take corrective action under 41 U. S. C. 4712 or 10 U. S. C. 2409, where the proceeding does not involve an allegation of fraud or similar misconduct; In a typical consent decree, the defendant has already ceased or agrees to cease the conduct alleged by the plaintiff to be illegal and consents to a court injunction barring the conduct in the future. These costs are not authorized under the FAR 3rd Sum- FAR 31. 205-22 Lobbying and political activity costs states â€Å"(a) Costs associated with the following activities are unallowable: (2) Establishing, administering, contributing to, or paying the expenses of a political party, campaign, political action committee, or other organization established for the purpose of influencing the outcomes of elections; These costs are not authorized under the FAR. †¢Essay Question #2: Vandy Inc. s CEO was particularly proud of his firms work supporting Special Agent Tom Know-it-All and the FBI in a recent sting operation. In fact, Vandy Inc. had provided numerous supplies and services to the FBI to assist it with its operations. Unfortunately, it now appears that Special Agent Know-it-All was not authorized to retain the services of Vandy Inc. despite Agent Know-it-Alls previous assurances to the contrary. Vandy is now out $5000. 00 and desires to be reimbursed for its costs plus a reasonable profit for supporting important and dangerous undercover work. Will Vandy Inc. get paid by the FBI? Remember to fully articulate your rationale to support your conclusion. Unfortunately not, Vandy’s Inc. , will not be reimbursed, nor will they collect any profits for their assistance. The Antideficiency Act prohibits federal employees from: †¢making or authorizing an expenditure from, or creating or authorizing an obligation under, any appropriation or fund in excess of the amount available in the appropriation or fund unless authorized by law. 31 U. S. C.  § 1341(a)(1)(A). †¢involving the government in any obligation to pay money before funds have been appropriated for that purpose, unless otherwise allowed by law. 31 U. S. C.  § 1341(a)(1)(B). †¢accepting voluntary services for the United States, or employing personal services not authorized by law, except in cases of emergency involving the safety of human life or the protection of property. 31 U. S. C.  § 1342. †¢making obligations or expenditures in excess of an apportionment or reapportionment, or in excess of the amount permitted by agency regulations. 31 U. S. C.  § 1517(a). Agent Know-It-All was not authorized to obligate government funds for this case and therefore by federal law Vandy’s cannot collect any payment. †¢Essay Question #3: Innovative Concepts believed that it had a great idea to assist the United States Navy with its military operations in the Pacific. Accordingly, it proceeded to set up a meeting with Navy Commander Strithers to further explore its concept. Both the Navy and Innovative Concepts met several times over the following several months resulting in the submission of a proposal from Innovative to the Navy. On the other hand, Drawn-out LLC believes the Navy should be competing this critical Navy requirement and is now contemplating the submission of a GAO Protest to stop the Navy from proceeding and awarding a contract to Innovative Concepts. If you were advising the Navy, what steps would you counsel its Contracting Officer to take and why? Would you allow the contract to be awarded to Innovative Concepts? If I were advising the Navy I would certainly detour their decision in this award being directly to Innovative Concepts. Under FAR Federal statutes and regulations require that both negotiated contracts and sealed bid contracts be competitively awarded to the maximum extent practical, with the objective of obtaining the contracts most advantageous to the U. S. Government. FAR 6. 302 offers for circumstances that would otherwise not require full and open competition but not enough facts are given about the question to make an accurate determination if any exceptions are applicable. Of the FAR 6. 302 Circumstances permitting other than full and open competition, I find only one that may be applicable if the nature of the given situation is classified. 6. 302-6 National security states â€Å"Full and open competition need not be provided for when the disclosure of the agency’s needs would compromise the national security unless the agency is permitted to limit the number of sources from which it solicits bids or proposals. † The Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (CICA) requires that an agency obtain full and open competition in its procurements through the use of competitive procedures. Exceptions to this general requirement are provided in the statute where there is only one responsible source able to meet the agency’s requirements, or the requirement is of unusual and compelling urgency. I will make the assumption that the military operations in the Pacific that have been discussed between the Navy Commander and the representatives of Innovative are not in compliance to meet the requirements of the National Security. With this being said, I would NOT allow the contract to be directly awarded to innovations unless the proper approval of the justification as outlined in FAR 6. 304 can be provided to me. †¢Essay Question #4: The Department of the Navy issued a request for proposal (RFP) to obtain a cost type contract for services to help operate one of its satellite control centers. The RFP also stated that the contract was to be awarded to the offeror giving the Government greatest confidence that it would best meet the requirements in an affordable manner. The RFP evaluation criteria included factors such as mission capability and program management along with proposal risk, cost/price, and past performance. After the receipt of four proposals, the Navy Contracting Officer sent various evaluation notices (ENs) to all of the contractors requesting additional information from them regarding proposed subcontractor past performance information. This additional past performance data, among other things, allowed the Navy to complete a Most Probable Cost analysis for one of the offerors and therefore make an award without discussions to that contractor based on its lower overall cost and value consistent with the evaluation criteria. Not surprisingly, the other three disappointed contractors have now protested this award claiming that the Navy violated applicable law and regulations by actually conducting discussions with the winner and not with them. Your boss has now asked you to provide an essay advising him as to whether the protesters are correct. There are a few items I would address is preparing an essay for my boss on this scenario. I would address the fact that the FAR does state a contracting officer has to abide by the criteria set forth and published in their evaluation criteria. They have a lot of authority in determining capability and the selection process, but they have to stay in accordance with their solicitation data. FAR 15. 308 â€Å"The source selection authority’s (SSA) decision shall be based on a comparative assessment of proposals against all source selection criteria in the solicitation. † Since the Navy used a â€Å"most Probable Cost Analysis† and concluded that one of the contractors met their criteria for â€Å"greatest confidence that it would best meet the requirements in an affordable manner† I feel this regulation was followed. If there had been more evidence given that the Navy chose to do a trade off or weighted cost as the primary factor contrary to the criteria solicitation, then that would have gone against the regulation. Another area of emphasis would be from the sentence â€Å"the Navy violated applicable law and regulations by actually conducting discussions with the winner and not with them. † As it does not specify, I will assume they mean post award discussions. For post award notices the FAR says the contracting officer shall within 3 days of the contract award, provide written notification to each offerer whose proposal was in the competitive range but was not selected for award and had not been previously notified (pre-award notification). If the COR in fact had not sent out his notifications as illustrated from the passage of question 4, then yes, he is in violation. For those who wish to request one, FAR 15. 306 (d) allows â€Å"Offerors excluded or otherwise eliminated from the competitive range may request a debriefing (see 15. 505 and 15. 506). If it is assumed that award was made with no pre-award discussion this can go one of two ways. FAR 15. 306 (a) Exchanges with offerors after receipt of proposals. (3) Award may be made without discussions if the solicitation states that the Government intends to evaluate proposals and make award without discussions. If the solicitation contains such a notice and the Government determines it is necessary to conduct discussions, the rationale for doing so shall be documented in the contract file (see the provision at 52. 215-1) (10 U. S. C. 2305(b)(4)(A)(ii) and 41 U. S. C. 253b(d)(1)(B)). FAR 15. 306 (d) (3) After Establishment of Competitive Range At a minimum, the contracting officer must, subject to paragraphs (d)(5) and (e) of this section and 15. 307(a), indicate to, or discuss with, each offeror still being considered for award, deficiencies, significant weaknesses, and adverse past performance information to which the offeror has not yet had an opportunity to respond. The contracting officer also is encouraged to discuss other aspects of the offeror’s proposal that could, in the opinion of the contracting officer, be altered or explained to enhance materially the proposal’s potential for award. However, the contracting officer is not required to discuss every area where the proposal could be improved. The scope and extent of discussions are a matter of contracting officer judgment. (4) In discussing other aspects of the proposal, the Government may, in situations where the solicitation stated that evaluation credit would be given for technical solutions exceeding any mandatory minimums, negotiate with offerors for increased performance beyond any mandatory minimums, and the Government may suggest to offerors that have exceeded any mandatory minimums (in ways that are not integral to the design), that their proposals would be more competitive if the excesses were removed and the offered price decreased. (5) If, after discussions have begun, an offeror originally in the competitive range is no longer considered to be among the most highly rated offerors being considered for award, that offeror may be eliminated from the competitive range whether or not all material aspects of the proposal have been discussed, or whether or not the offeror has been afforded an opportunity to submit a proposal revision (see 15. 307(a) and 15. 503(a)(1)). Having revised the FAR 15. 306 (d) it is evident that so long as the Navy no longer considered the other contractors to be within the competitive range, that offerer may be eliminated. The COR is not required to allow them to discuss all material aspects of the proposal. However, a powerful section here is that 15. 306 (d) (2) â€Å"The primary objective of discussions is to maximize the Government’s ability to obtain best value, based on the requirement and the evaluation factors set forth in the solicitation. † If the COR failed to hold pre-award discussions with the other vendors, then how will it justify in a protest that he determined the awarded contractor to offer the government greatest confidence that it would meet the requirements in an affordable manner? The last items I would address in my essay to the boss would be the circumstances necessary for the protesters to win. To prevail in a bid protest, a protester must show a significant, prejudicial error in the procurement process. See Statistica, Inc. v. Christopher, 102 F. 3d 1577, 1581 (Fed. Cir. 1996); Data Gen. Corp. v. Johnson, 78 F. 3d 1556, 1562 (Fed. Cir. 1996). To establish prejudice, a protester is not required to show that but for the alleged error, the protester would have been awarded the contract. Data General, 78 F. 3d at 1562 (citation omitted). Rather, the protester must show that there was a substantial chance it would have received the contract award but for that error. Statistica, 102 F. 3d at 1582; see CACI, Inc. -Fed. v. United States, 719 F. 2d 1567, 1574-75 (Fed. Cir. 1983) (to establish competitive prejudice, protester must demonstrate that but for the alleged error, there was a substantial chance that [it] would receive an awardthat it was within the zone of active consideration Evaluating the relative merits of competing proposals is a matter within the discretion of the contracting agency since the agency is responsible for defining its needs and the best method of accommodating them, and it must bear the burden resulting from a defective evaluation. Advanced Technology and Research Corp. , B-257451. 2, Dec. 9, 1994, 94-2 CPD  ¶ 230; Marine Animal Prods. Intl, Inc. , B-247150. 2, July 13, 1992, 92-2 CPD  ¶ 16. †¢Essay Question #5: Describe and distinguish the following two key government contracting principles: contractor responsibility and responsiveness in the context of contract formation. Be sure to provide all applicable FAR references to support your essay. Contractor Responsibility as outlined in the FAR Part 9. 104-1, is a contracting principle that ensures contractors who wish to engage in dealings with United States Government are determined responsible by the COR. The COR is making purchases with tax payers money and therefor they have to make sure they selecting contractors in the best interest of the nation. To be determined responsible, a prospective contractor must— (a) Have adequate financial resources to perform the contract, or the ability to obtain them (see 9. 104-3(a)); (b) Be able to comply with the required or proposed delivery or performance schedule, taking into consideration all existing commercial and governmental business commitments; (c) Have a satisfactory performance record (see 9. 104-3(b) and Subpart 42. 15). A prospective contractor shall not be determined responsible or nonresponsible solely on the basis of a lack of relevant performance history, except as provided in 9. 104-2; (d) Have a satisfactory record of integrity and business ethics (for example, see Subpart 42. 15). (e) Have the necessary organization, experience, accounting and operational controls, and technical skills, or the ability to obtain them (including, as appropriate, such elements as production control procedures, property control systems, quality assurance measures, and safety programs applicable to materials to be produced or services to be performed by the prospective contractor and subcontractors). (See 9. 104-3(a). ) (f) Have the necessary production, construction, and technical equipment and facilities, or the ability to obtain them (see 9. 104-3(a)); and (g) Be otherwise qualified and eligible to receive an award under applicable laws and regulations (see also inverted domestic corporation prohibition at 9. 108). Responsiveness is a contracting principle aimed at establishing a level playing field for all would be government contractors. When price is the only factor being considered all the other elements of the procurement must be identical in order to give each competitor the very same chance of doing business with the government. Maintaining the requirement also helps in eliminating potential fraudulent activities. In order for a bid to be deemed responsive it must comply with all material respects with the invitation to bid. FAR 14. 301 states, â€Å"(a) To be considered for award, a bid must comply in all material respects with the invitation for bids. Such compliance enables bidders to stand on an equal footing and maintain the integrity of the sealed bidding system. (b) Telegraphic bids shall not be considered unless permitted by the invitation. The term â€Å"telegraphic bids† means bids submitted by telegram or by mailgram. (c) Facsimile bids shall not be considered unless permitted by the solicitation (see 14. 202-7). (d) Bids should be filled out, executed, and submitted in accordance with the instructions in the invitation. If a bidder uses its own bid form or a letter to submit a bid, the bid may be considered only if— (1) The bidder accepts all the terms and conditions of the invitation; and (2) Award on the bid would result in a binding contract with terms and conditions that do not vary from the terms and conditions of the invitation. (e) Bids submitted by electronic commerce shall be considered only if the electronic commerce method was specifically stipulated or permitted by the solicitation.